Peer-reviewed & independently tested

The science is clear. It works.

The Corsi–Rosenthal Box has been studied by engineers at UC Davis, the University of Connecticut, Portland State University, and others. The findings are consistent: this ~$40–60 DIY device delivers clean air delivery rates that rival — and often beat — commercial HEPA purifiers costing ten times more.

The numbers that matter.

600–850 CFM
Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR)
UC Davis 2022 study, five-filter design on high speed. CADR scales with fan setting.
~$0.08
Cost per CFM of CADR
Roughly 10× cheaper per unit of clean air than commercial HEPA purifiers ($0.71–$2.66/CFM).
5 ACH+
Air changes per hour (500 sq ft room)
Without fan shroud, on high setting, in a 500 sq ft room with 8' ceilings. Source: Encycla / Neustrom.
~90%
Removal of 10µm particles
Jim Rosenthal's initial testing. ~60% removal of 1µm particles (respiratory aerosol range).
51 dBA
Noise at 6 feet on high
Slightly quieter than a typical refrigerator. Low setting is substantially quieter.
58–88 W
Power draw on high
Comparable to running the fan alone with no filters attached. No meaningful energy penalty for filtration.

Born during COVID-19. Refined by engineers and community builders.

The Corsi–Rosenthal Box emerged from a practical problem: how do you improve indoor air quality at scale, affordably, using materials anyone can buy? The answer came from two engineers thinking out loud during a pandemic.

It was then refined, tested, published, and deployed by a global grassroots community — in classrooms, homes, offices, community centers, and schools — making it one of the most successful examples of open-source public health engineering in recent history.

August 2020
The idea takes shape
Richard Corsi, an environmental engineer and incoming Dean of Engineering at UC Davis, discusses combining multiple furnace filters with a box fan with Wired reporter Adam Rogers. Jim Rosenthal, CEO of Tex-Air Filters, tests the idea and develops the four-filter cube design.
Late 2020
First publication & naming
Rosenthal publishes the design on the Tex-Air Filters blog. He names it after Corsi, though Corsi insists the credit belongs to Rosenthal. Neil Comparetto independently publishes a similar design — the "Comparetto Cube" — in a popular YouTube video.
2021
UC Davis case study & grassroots explosion
UC Davis's Western Cooling Efficiency Center publishes a case study confirming CADR of 165–239 CFM at low cost. By end of year, thousands of units are deployed in schools. Over 3,500 people use #corsirosenthalbox on Twitter; YouTube explainers collect nearly 2 million views.
April 2022
Peer-reviewed publication
UC Davis researchers publish a formal peer-reviewed study in Aerosol Science and Technology confirming CADR of 600–850 CFM for the five-filter design — at roughly one-tenth the cost of comparable commercial purifiers.
2023–2025
Ongoing research & wildfire applications
Brown University and the Silent Spring Institute find CR Boxes effective against a wider range of indoor air pollutants. Corsi presents at the ACS Spring 2025 meeting, reporting excellent longitudinal performance across 2,500 hours of operation — equivalent to two K–12 school years.

More clean air per dollar than almost anything else on the market.

Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) measures how quickly a device can filter air in a room — higher is better. Commercial HEPA purifiers are priced with a roughly linear relationship between cost and CADR. The Corsi–Rosenthal Box breaks that relationship entirely.

At approximately $0.08 per CFM of CADR, it is 9 to 33 times more cost-efficient than comparable commercial units. For context, an EPA cost survey found commercial Energy Star purifiers range from $0.71 to $2.66 per CFM — a range entirely above what the CR Box costs.

The tradeoff is energy efficiency: the CR Box ranks lower on CADR-per-watt than some premium purifiers. For most home use this is a minor concern, but worth noting.

Device
Typical CADR (CFM)
Cost/CFM
CR Box (DIY, 5-filter)
600–850 (high speed)
~$0.08
CR Box (DIY, 4-filter)
165–239 (varies)
~$0.31
Mid-range HEPA purifier
150–300 (typical)
$0.71–1.50
Premium HEPA purifier
250–400 (typical)
$1.50–2.66

Effective across the full range of harmful airborne particles.

MERV-13 filters are rated to capture particles down to 0.3 microns — a range that includes respiratory aerosols carrying viruses, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke, pollen, mold spores, and most bacteria.

Larger particles (10µm+) — such as dust, pet dander, and pollen — are removed at very high rates. Smaller virus-carrying aerosols (1–3µm) are removed less efficiently per pass, but the CR Box compensates with high volume: it processes far more air per hour than most single-filter purifiers.

UC Davis longitudinal testing showed the CR Box performed particularly well for particles in the 1–3µm range — the size most associated with airborne respiratory transmission.

Large particles — 10µm+ (dust, pollen, mold) ~90%
Single-pass removal rate. Source: Rosenthal initial testing, 2020.
Fine particles — PM2.5, wildfire smoke (1–3µm) ~75%
UC Davis longitudinal study found excellent performance in this range over 2,500 operating hours.
Respiratory aerosols — virus-carrying (0.3–1µm) ~60%
Single-pass rate. High CADR compensates — more total air passes per hour vs. single-filter units.
VOCs & chemical pollutants Limited
MERV-13 is a particulate filter. It does not remove gases or VOCs. Activated carbon filters are needed for that.

Studies, case reports, and independent testing.

UC Davis · Aerosol Science & Technology · 2022
Characterizing the Performance of a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Box Fan Air Filter
The landmark peer-reviewed paper by Christopher Cappa et al. Measured CADR of 600–850 CFM for the five-filter design. Confirmed cost of approximately $0.08 per CFM — roughly ten times cheaper than commercial alternatives. Published April 2022.
Read study →
UC Davis Western Cooling Efficiency Center · 2021
Considerations for Use and Selection of Portable Air Cleaners for Classrooms
Early case study that first benchmarked the CR Box against commercial purifiers. Confirmed CADR of 165–239 CFM for a ~$75 build. Found that a cardboard fan shroud improved airflow efficiency by 9–26% depending on speed.
Read study →
Brown University & Silent Spring Institute · 2024
Corsi-Rosenthal Boxes Reduce Indoor Air Pollutants
Expanded the research scope beyond COVID aerosols. Found the CR Box effective at reducing a broader range of indoor air pollutants, supporting its use for general indoor air quality improvement beyond pandemic contexts.
Read findings →
UC Davis / ACS Spring Meeting · 2025
Longitudinal Performance of CR Boxes Over 2,500 Operating Hours
Corsi presented findings from units installed across four UC Davis campus buildings and run for 2,500 hours — equivalent to two K–12 school years. The CR Boxes performed as well as or better than comparable HEPA filters throughout, with particular strength in the 1–3µm particle range.
Read summary →
EPA-Funded / Underwriters Laboratories · 2021
Fire Safety Testing of Box Fans with MERV-13 Filters
An EPA-funded study conducted by UL tested box fans with attached MERV-13 filters under extreme modified conditions. Finding: no fire hazard was presented, even in scenarios well beyond normal operating conditions. Cleared the design for use in schools and public buildings.
Read report →

Safe, practical, and backed by data.

Beyond efficacy, researchers have studied the noise, power consumption, and fire safety of the CR Box. The results confirm it is a practical, safe device for home and school use.

The fan's power draw is essentially unchanged whether filters are attached or not — the larger filter surface area reduces resistance on the fan, offsetting any added load from the filter media itself.

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~51 dBA at 6 feet (high speed)

Slightly quieter than a typical refrigerator. On low speed, quieter still — suitable for classrooms, offices, and bedrooms.

58–88 watts on high speed

Comparable to the fan running alone with no filters. The increased filter surface area reduces resistance, keeping energy use low.

🔥
No fire hazard — EPA/UL tested

An EPA-funded Underwriters Laboratories study tested the design under extreme conditions and found no fire risk. Cleared for use in schools and public buildings.

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Works best 3+ feet from walls

Optimal placement is the center of a room, but the unit performs effectively as long as it has at least 3 feet of clearance from walls on all filter sides.

Recommended by public health agencies and governments.

San Francisco Dept. of Public Health
Included DIY box fan air filters in official COVID-19 ventilation guidance for residents and businesses.
State of Oregon — OHA
Published an official fact sheet on DIY air filters for wildfire smoke protection, recommending the CR Box design for homes and workplaces.
Harvard School of Public Health
Experts at Harvard and CU Boulder created a downloadable calculator for sizing air purifiers to rooms, explicitly supporting CR Box CADR figures as valid inputs.
University of Connecticut School of Nursing & Engineering
Deployed over 100 units to West Hartford Public Schools in early 2022; engineering students built 200 more for Coventry Public Schools as part of a formal academic program.

Seen enough? Let's build one.

The research is clear. Now all you need is ~$40–60, 15 minutes, and four furnace filters.